ABSTRACT
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting the lives of millions of people globally. Patients recovering from COVID-19 are facing, not only the symptom of long COVID, but also psychological problems, such as sleep disturbance. This study aims to assess the proportion of COVID-19 recovered adult patients that suffer from insomnia and associated factors in Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between January and March 2022 among patients who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection. Data were collected based on a self-administered questionnaire that included sociodemographic and standardized questionnaires from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Perceived stress scale (PSS) and the dependent variable using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to explore factors associated with the patients' insomnia disorder. Results: A total of 325 participants were included in this analysis, 34.5% of participants had insomnia. According to multivariable logistic regression, participants who were equal to and over 50 years of age, feeling alienated from others, and were not supported by families or relatives, reported significantly higher levels of insomnia disorders over those aged under 50 years, having closer ties with family and had received support from family or relatives. Besides, respondents who recorded mental health problems that included anxiety, depression and stress were more likely to get insomnia disorders than those without mental health symptoms (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.6) (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.3-8.9) (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-5.3), respectively, all p < 0.05. Conclusion: There was a remarkable rate of COVID-19 recovered patients experiencing insomnia disorders. Older age, alienated relationships and not being supported by families or relatives, as well as had mental health problems, are factors that affected the patients' insomnia, which showed that these sleep issues need to be screened and managed among adults who have recovered from COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
This study determines factors related to the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 for health science students in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), using both the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. A cross-sectional survey was considered in April 2021, using a self-administered questionnaire to all health sciences students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City (UMP), Vietnam. The multiple regression was performed to specify the predictable factors of willingness to get a future COVID-19 vaccination.A total of 854 students completed the survey, whose vaccination acceptance was 77.1%. Predictors of intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination included year of education, knowledge, and the HBM and TPB variables including the perceived benefits, cues to action, perceived behavioral control, and positive attitudes toward the vaccine (all p < .05). The main reasons for hesitancy included being afraid of the side effects (73.0%), vaccine safety (65.3%), and the process of new vaccine development (53.6%). The study examined students' intention toward COVID-19 vaccine and related factors to notify university administrators and policymakers. The findings showed the acceptability of vaccines had differences within the education year of students, besides, knowledge, perception of benefits, cues to action, behavioral control, and attitudes toward the vaccine were positive predictive factors. These may be useful for developing health education messages to promoting vaccination acceptability for students who had hesitancy of a new vaccine and in broader groups.